Battle Analysis Methodology of the Battle of the Bulge (1944): Developing the Leadership Ethic and Profession of Arms

Abstract

This article applies the Battle Analysis Methodology to a German Army tank unit and a United States Army combat engineer unit fighting in the Battle of the Bulge in Europe in December 1944. The battle analysis methodology is a staple in U.S. military education and training because it provides a teaching tool and systematic process to understand the outcomes of battles. There are four phases in a battle analysis: define the subject (who, when, where); set the stage (military context and compare opposing units); describe the action (narrative of the battle); and lessons learned (candid analyses and applications to present or future). Although technology, logistics, intelligence, or others can be explored using battle analysis methodology, this article concentrates on two topics – the US Army’s principles of Leadership Ethic and Profession of Arms – that are critical to officer development in military academies. During the Battle of the Bulge, the opposing American and German commanders exhibited different styles of leadership and professionalism. Their respective styles affected their subordinates in combat. The final phase of lessons learned answers why German deficiencies combined with American efficiencies to cause an American victory. Battle analysis methodology inculcates good habits of mind in cadets to solve real-world problems.